I started at the age of 16 with a bolt action 22 Marlin knock off from Sears. Still have it and never regretted the purchase. Very accurate and rewarding to shoot. Inherited an almost new Winchester model 190 semiautomatic 22 several years, but it’s not as accurate as my bolt action and is much more difficult to take down/reassemble for cleaning. I own other calibers in bolt action and lever action, but the 22 bolt is still my “go to” for casual relaxing fun and inexpensive plinking. Obviously, for a 10 year old, rifle weight and length of pull are significant considerations for a training weapon.